#Inspirasi TED: PM Kerajaan Bhutan
https://youtu.be/7Lc_dlVrg5M
Inspirasi TED: PM Kerajaan Bhutan
2,429,363Tampilan
Tshering Tobgay
di
TED2016
Negara ini tidak hanya karbon netral - itu karbon negatif
Rekomendasi Komunitas TED
“ Pembicaraan oleh Perdana Menteri Tshering Tobgay ini sangat menginspirasi, dan itu memberi saya harapan. Dunia apa yang akan kita tempati jika kita semua bisa hidup dengan filosofi Bhutan. ”
Kelly Proud
Dapatkan perbincangan yang dipersonalisasi seperti ini, untuk ide-ide yang paling menginspirasi Anda. Bergabunglah dengan TED Recommends .
Kenyataannya adalah hampir 700.000 dari kita terjepit di antara dua negara terpadat di dunia, Cina dan India. Kenyataannya adalah bahwa kita adalah negara kecil, terbelakang melakukan yang terbaik untuk bertahan hidup. Tapi kami baik-baik saja. Kami masih hidup. Sebenarnya, kita berkembang, dan alasan kita berkembang adalah karena kita telah diberkati dengan raja-raja luar biasa. Para raja kita yang tercerahkan telah bekerja tanpa lelah untuk mengembangkan negara kita, menyeimbangkan pertumbuhan ekonomi secara hati - hati dengan pembangunan sosial, kelestarian lingkungan dan pelestarian budaya, semua dalam kerangka pemerintahan yang baik. Kami menyebutnya pendekatan holistik untuk pembangunan "Gross National Happiness," atau GNH. Kembali pada tahun 1970-an, raja keempat kami dengan terkenal mengumumkan bahwa untuk Bhutan, Kebahagiaan Nasional Bruto lebih penting daripada Produk Nasional Bruto.
Jadi ekonomi kita kecil, tetapi di sinilah ia menjadi menarik. Pendidikan benar-benar gratis. Semua warga dijamin mendapat pendidikan sekolah gratis, dan mereka yang bekerja keras diberikan pendidikan perguruan tinggi gratis. Perawatan kesehatan juga gratis. Konsultasi medis, perawatan medis, obat-obatan: semuanya disediakan oleh negara. Kami mengelola ini karena kami menggunakan sumber daya kami yang terbatas dengan sangat hati-hati, dan karena kami tetap setia pada misi inti GNH, yang merupakan pengembangan dengan nilai-nilai. Perekonomian kita kecil, dan kita harus memperkuatnya. Pertumbuhan ekonomi itu penting, tetapi pertumbuhan ekonomi itu tidak harus datang dari merusak budaya unik kitaatau lingkungan murni kita.
Saat ini, budaya kita berkembang. Kami terus merayakan seni dan arsitektur, makanan dan festival, biarawan dan biara kami. Dan ya, kami juga merayakan pakaian nasional kami. Inilah mengapa saya bisa memakai gho saya dengan bangga. Inilah fakta yang menyenangkan: Anda sedang melihat saku terbesar di dunia.
Konstitusi kami, konstitusi ini, memberlakukan tutupan hutan pada kami. Kebetulan, raja kami menggunakan konstitusi ini untuk memaksakan demokrasi pada kami. Anda lihat, kami orang-orang tidak menginginkan demokrasi. Kami tidak memintanya, kami tidak menuntutnya, dan tentu saja kami tidak memperjuangkannya. Sebaliknya, raja kami memaksakan demokrasi pada kami dengan bersikeras bahwa ia memasukkannya ke dalam konstitusi. Tapi dia melangkah lebih jauh. Ia memasukkan ketentuan-ketentuan dalam konstitusi yang memberdayakan rakyat untuk mendakwa raja-raja mereka, dan memasukkan ketentuan-ketentuan di sini yang mengharuskan semua raja kita untuk pensiun pada usia 65 tahun.
Jadi seperti yang saya katakan, 72 persen dari negara kita berada di bawah tutupan hutan, dan semua hutan itu murni. Itulah sebabnya kami adalah salah satu dari beberapa hotspot keanekaragaman hayati global yangtersisa di dunia, dan itulah sebabnya kami adalah negara yang netral karbon. Di dunia yang terancam perubahan iklim, kita adalah negara netral karbon.
Ternyata, ini masalah besar. Dari 200 negara di dunia saat ini, sepertinya kita adalah satu-satunya yang netral karbon. Sebenarnya, itu tidak terlalu akurat.Bhutan tidak netral karbon. Bhutan adalah karbon negatif. Seluruh negara kita menghasilkan 2,2 juta ton karbon dioksida, tetapi hutan kita, mereka menyita lebih dari tiga kali jumlah itu, jadi kita adalah penyerap karbon bersih untuk lebih dari empat juta ton karbon dioksida setiap tahun. Tapi bukan itu saja.
Kami mengekspor sebagian besar listrik terbarukan yang kami hasilkan dari sungai kami yang mengalir deras. Jadi hari ini, energi bersih yang kita ekspormengimbangi sekitar enam juta ton karbon dioksida di lingkungan kita. Pada tahun 2020, kami akan mengekspor listrik yang cukup untuk mengimbangi 17 juta ton karbon dioksida. Dan jika kita ingin memanfaatkan bahkan setengah potensi tenaga air kita, dan itulah tepatnya apa yang kita kerjakan , energi hijau bersih yang kita ekspor akan mengimbangi sesuatu seperti 50 juta ton karbon dioksida setiap tahun. Itu lebih banyak CO2 daripada yang dihasilkan seluruh kota New York dalam satu tahun.
So inside our country, we are a net carbon sink. Outside, we are offsetting carbon. And this is important stuff. You see, the world is getting warmer, and climate change is a reality. Climate change is affecting my country. Our glaciers are melting, causing flash floods and landslides, which in turn are causing disaster and widespread destruction in our country. I was at that lake recently.It's stunning. That's how it looked 10 years ago, and that's how it looked 20 years ago. Just 20 years ago, that lake didn't exist. It was a solid glacier. A few years ago, a similar lake breached its dams and wreaked havoc in the valleys below. That destruction was caused by one glacier lake. We have 2,700 of them to contend with. The point is this: my country and my people have done nothing to contribute to global warming,but we are already bearing the brunt of its consequences. And for a small, poor country, one that is landlocked and mountainous, it is very difficult. But we are not going to sit on our hands doing nothing. We will fight climate change.That's why we have promised to remain carbon neutral.
We first made this promise in 2009during COP 15 in Copenhagen, but nobody noticed. Governments were so busy arguing with one another and blaming each other for causing climate change, that when a small country raised our hands and announced, "We promise to remain carbon neutral for all time,"nobody heard us. Nobody cared.
Last December in Paris, at COP 21, we reiterated our promise to remain carbon neutral for all time to come. This time, we were heard. We were noticed, and everybody cared. What was different in Paris was that governments came round together to accept the realities of climate change, and were willing to come together and act together and work together. All countries, from the very small to the very large, committed to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions.The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change says that if these so-called intended commitments are kept,we'd be closer to containing global warming by two degrees Celsius.
It's crucial that all of us keep our commitments. As far as Bhutan is concerned, we will keep our promise to remain carbon neutral. Here are some of the ways we are doing it. We are providing free electricity to our rural farmers. The idea is that, with free electricity, they will no longer have to use firewood to cook their food. We are investing in sustainable transport and subsidizing the purchase of electric vehicles. Similarly, we are subsidizing the cost of LED lights, and our entire government is trying to go paperless. We are cleaning up our entire country through Clean Bhutan, a national program, and we are planting trees throughout our country through Green Bhutan, another national program.
But it is our protected areas that are at the core of our carbon neutral strategy.Our protected areas are our carbon sink.They are our lungs. Today, more than half our country is protected, as national parks, nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries. But the beauty is that we've connected them all with one anotherthrough a network of biological corridors.Now, what this means is that our animals are free to roam throughout our country.Take this tiger, for example. It was spotted at 250 meters above sea level in the hot, subtropical jungles. Two years later, that same tiger was spotted near 4,000 meters in our cold alpine mountains. Isn't that awesome?
We must keep it that way. We must keep our parks awesome. So every year, we set aside resources to prevent poaching, hunting, mining and pollution in our parks, and resources to help communities who live in those parksmanage their forests, adapt to climate change, and lead better lives while continuing to live in harmony with Mother Nature.
But that is expensive. Over the next few years, our small economy won't have the resources to cover all the costs that are required to protect our environment. In fact, when we run the numbers, it looks like it'll take us at least 15 years before we can fully finance all our conservation efforts. But neither Bhutan, nor the worldcan afford to spend 15 years going backwards.
This is why His Majesty the King started Bhutan For Life. Bhutan For Life gives us the time we need. It gives us breathing room. It is essentially a funding mechanism to look after our parks, to protect our parks, until our government can take over on our own fully. The idea is to raise a transition fund from individual donors, corporations and institutions, but the deal is closed only after predetermined conditions are metand all funds committed. So multiparty, single closing: an idea we borrowed from Wall Street. This means that individual donors can commit without having to worry that they'll be left supporting an underfunded plan. It's something like a Kickstarter project, only with a 15-year time horizon and millions of tons of carbon dioxide at stake. Once the deal is closed, we use the transition fund to protect our parks, giving our government time to increase our own funding gradually until the end of the 15-year period. After that, our government guarantees full funding forever.
I thank you for listening to our story, a story of how we are keeping our promise to remain carbon neutral, a story of how we are keeping our country pristine, for ourselves, our children, for your children and for the world. But we are not here to tell stories, are we? We are here to dream together. So in closing, I'd like to share one more dream that I have. What if we could mobilize our leadership and our resources, our influence and our passion,to replicate the Bhutan For Life idea to other countries so that they too can conserve their protected areas for all time. After all, there are many other countries who face the same issues that we face. They too have natural resourcesthat can help win the world's fight for sustainability, only they may not have the ability to invest in them now. So what if we set up Earth For Life, a global fund, to kickstart the Bhutan For Life throughout the world? I invite you to help me, to carry this dream beyond our borders to all those who care about our planet's future.After all, we're here to dream together, to work together, to fight climate change together, to protect our planet together.Because the reality is we are in it together. Some of us might dress differently, but we are in it together.
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